 |
1999-1966诺贝尔化学奖获得者 |
| YEAR |
NAME |
REASONS |
| 1999 | AHMED ZEWAIL | for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy. |
| 1998 | WALTER KOHN | for pioneering contributions in developing methods that can be used for theoretical studies of the properties of molecules and the chemical processes in which they are involved. |
| 1997 | PAUL D. BOYER and JOHN E. WALKER， | for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). |
| JENS C. SKOU | for the first discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme, Na+, K+-ATPase. | |
| 1996 | ROBERT F. CURL, Jr. , SIR HAROLD W. KROTO , and RICHARD E. SMALLEY | for their discovery of fullerenes. |
| 1995 | PAUL CRUTZEN , MARIO MOLINA , and F. SHERWOOD ROWLAND | for
their work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning the
formation and decomposition of ozone. |
| 1994 | GEORGE A. OLAH | for his contribution to carbocation chemistry. |
| 1993 | KARY B. MULLIS | The prize was awarded for contributions to the developments of methods within DNA-based chemistry equally between: for his invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. |
| MICHAEL SMITH | for his fundamental contributions to the establishment of oligonucleiotide-based, site-directed mutagenesis and its development for protein studies. | |
| 1992 | RUDOLPH A. MARCUS | for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems. |
| 1991 | RICHARD R. ERNST | for his contributions to the development of the methodology of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. |
| 1990 | ELIAS JAMES COREY | for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis |
| 1989 | SIDNEY ALTMAN and THOMAS R. CECH | for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA. |
| 1988 | JOHANN DEISENHOFER , ROBERT HUBER and HARTMUT MICHEL | for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre. |
| 1987 | DONALD J. CRAM , JEAN-MARIE LEHN and CHARLES J. PEDERSEN | for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity. |
| 1986 | DUDLEY R. HERSCHBACH , YUAN T. LEE and JOHN C. POLANYI | for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes. |
| 1985 | HERBERT A. HAUPTMAN and JEROME KARLE | for their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures. |
| 1984 | ROBERT BRUCE MERRIFIELD | for his development of methodology for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix. |
| 1983 | HENRY TAUBE | for his work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions, especially in metal complexes. |
| 1982 | SIR AARON KLUG | for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nuclei acid-protein complexes. |
| 1981 | KENICHI FUKUI and ROALD HOFFMANN | for their theories, developed independently, concerning the course of chemical reactions. |
| 1980 | PAUL BERG, WALTER GILBERT | for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids, with particular regard to recombinant-DNA. |
| FREDERICK SANGER | for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids. | |
| 1979 | HERBERT C. BROWN and GEORG WITTIG | for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds, respectively, into important reagents in organic synthesis. |
| 1978 | PETER D. MITCHELL | for his contribution to the understanding of biological energy transfer through the formulation of the chemiosmotic theory. |
| 1977 | ILYA PRIGOGINE | for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics, particularly the theory of dissipative structures. |
| 1976 | WILLIAM N.. LIPSCOMB | for his studies on the structure of boranes illuminating problems of chemical bonding. |
| 1975 | SIR JOHN WARCUP CORNFORTH, | for his work on the stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions. |
| VLADIMIR PRELOG | for
his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and
reactions. |
|
| 1974 | PAUL J. FLORY | for his fundamental achievements, both theoretical and experimental, in the physical chemistry of the macromolecules. |
| 1973 | ERNST OTTO FISCHER and SIR GEOFFREY WILKINSON | for their pioneering work, performed independently, on the chemistry of the organometallic, so called sandwich compounds. |
| 1972 | CHRISTIAN B. ANFINSEN | for his work on ribonuclease, especially concerning the connection between the amino acid sequence and the biologically active confirmation |
| STANFORD MOORE and WILLIAM H. STEIN | for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule. | |
| 1971 | GERHARD HERZBERG | for his contributions to the knowledge of electronic stucture and geometry of molecules, particularly free radicals. |
| 1970 | LUIS F. LELOIR | for his discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates. |
| 1969 | SIR DEREK H. R. BARTON and ODD HASSEL | for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry. |
|
1968 |
LARS ONSAGER | for the discovery of the reciprocal relations bearing his name, which are fundamental for the thermodynamics of irreversible processes. |
| 1967 | MANFRED EIGEN, RONALD GEORGE WREYFORD NORRISH and LORD GEORGE PORTER | for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions, effected by disturbing the equlibrium by means of very short pulses of energy. |
| 1966 | ROBERT S. MULLIKEN | for his fundamental work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules by the molecular orbital method. |
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