To appear

[INFOCOM'23] Yunming Liao, Yang Xu*, Hongli Xu*, Lun Wang, Chen Qian, "Adaptive Configuration for Heterogeneous Participants in Decentralized Federated Learning ", INFOCOM'23, May. 2023.(Acceptance Rate: 252/1312=19.2%) [CCF A]

[INFOCOM'23] Zhida Jiang, Yang Xu*, Hongli Xu*, Zhiyuan Wang, Chen Qian, "Heterogeneity-Aware Federated Learning with Adaptive Client Selection and Gradient Compression ", INFOCOM'23, May. 2023.(Acceptance Rate: 252/1312=19.2%) [CCF A]

[INFOCOM'23] Gongming Zhao, Jingzhou Wang, Hongli Xu*, Zhuolong Yu, Chunming Qiao, "COIN: Cost-Efficient Traffic Engineering with Various Pricing Schemes in Clouds ", INFOCOM'23, May. 2023. (Acceptance Rate: 252/1312=19.2%) [CCF A]

[INFOCOM'23] Luyao Luo, Gongming Zhao*, Hongli Xu*, Zhuolong Yu, Liguang Xie, "TanGo: A Cost Optimization Framework for Tenant Task Placement in Geo-distributed Clouds ", INFOCOM'23, May. 2023. (Acceptance Rate: 252/1312=19.2%) [CCF A]

本年度至今共计发表15篇A类论文，4篇B类论文

[ComNet'22] Zhiyuan Wang, Hongli Xu, Yang Xu, Zhida Jiang, Jianchun Liu, "CoopFL: Accelerating Federated Learning with DNN Partitioning and Offloading in Heterogeneous Edge Computing", Computet Networks (ComNet), 2022. [CCF B] [PDF]

[TMC'22] Suo Chen, Yang Xu, Hongli Xu, Zhida Jiang, Chunming Qiao, "Decentralized Federated Learning with Intermediate Results in Mobile Edge Computing", IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing (TMC), 2022. [CCF A] [简介] [PDF]

[TPDS'22] Huaqing Tu, Gongming Zhao, Hongli Xu, Xianjin Fang, "Tenant-Grained Request Scheduling in Software-Defined Cloud Computing", IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems (TPDS), 2022. [CCF A] [简介] [PDF]

[ComNet'22] Huaqing Tu, Gongming Zhao, Hongli Xu, Yangming Zhao, Yuhang Qiu, "RoNS: Robust Service Request Scheduling in Multi-Tenant Clouds", Computet Networks (ComNet), 2022. [CCF B] [简介] [PDF]

[SECON'22] Xingpeng Fan, Gongming Zhao, Huaqing Tu, Hongli Xu and He Huang, "MASCOT: Mobility-Aware Service Function Chain Routing in Mobile Edge Computing“, IEEE International Conference on Sensing, Communication, and Networking (SECON), 2022. [CCF B] [PDF]

[ToN'22] Gongming Zhao, Luyao Luo, Hongli Xu, Chun-Jen Chung, Liguang Xie, "Southbound Message Delivery with Virtual Network Topology Awareness in Clouds", IEEE Transactions on Networking (ToN), 2022. [CCF A] [简介] [PDF]

[TMC'22] Yang Xu, Yunming Liao, Hongli Xu, Zhenguo Ma, Lun Wang, Jianchun Liu, "Adaptive Control of Local Updating and Model Compression for Efficient Federated Learning", IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing (TMC), 2022. [CCF A] [简介] [PDF]

[TMC'22] Lun Wang, Yang Xu*, Hongli Xu, Min Chen, Liusheng Huang, "Accelerating Decentralized Federated Learning in Heterogeneous Edge Computing", IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing (TMC), 2022. [CCF A] [简介] [PDF]

[ICDCS'22] Gongming Zhao, Jingzhou Wang, *Yangming Zhao, Hongli Xu, Chunming Qiao, "Segmented Entanglement Establishment for Throughput Maximization in Quantum Networks ", IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS), July 2021. (Acceptance Rate: 114/573=19.9%) [CCF B] [简介] [PDF]

[ToN'22] Hongli Xu, Peng Xi, Gongming Zhao, Jianchun Liu, Chen Qian, Liusheng Huang, "SAFE-ME: Scalable and Flexible Policy Enforcement in Middlebox Networks ", IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (ToN), 2022. [CCF A] [PDF]

[TMC'22] Zhiyuan Wang, *Hongli Xu，Jianchun Liu，Yang Xu, He Huang, Yangming Zhao, "Accelerating Federated Learning with Cluster Construction and Hierarchical Aggregation ", IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing (TMC), 2022. [CCF A] [简介] [PDF]

[NSDI'22] Qianyu Zhang, *Gongming Zhao, *Hongli Xu, Zhuolong Yu, Liguang Xie, Yangming Zhao, Chunming Qiao, Ying Xiong, Liusheng Huang, "Zeta: A Scalable and Robust East-West Communication Framework in Large-Scale Clouds ", NSDI'22, April 2022. (Acceptance Rate: 50/298=16.7%) [CCF A] [ 简介] [PDF]

[INFOCOM'22] Luyao Luo, *Gongming Zhao, *Hongli Xu, Liguang Xie, Ying Xiong, "VITA: Virtual Network Topology-aware Southbound Message Delivery in Clouds ", INFOCOM'22, May. 2022.(Acceptance Rate: 225/1129=19.9%) [CCF A] [简介] [PDF]

[INFOCOM'22] Jingzhou Wang, *Gongming Zhao, *Hongli Xu, Yangming Zhao, Xuwei Yang, He Huang, "TRUST: Real-Time Request Updating with Elastic Resource Provisioning in Clouds ", INFOCOM'22, May. 2022. (Acceptance Rate: 225/1129=19.9%) [CCF A] [简介] [PDF]

[INFOCOM'22] Yangming Zhao, *Gongming Zhao, Chunming Qiao, "E2E Fidelity Aware Routing and Purification for Throughput Maximization in Quantum Networks ", INFOCOM'22, May. 2022. (Acceptance Rate: 225/1129=19.9%) [CCF A] [PDF]

[ICDE'22] Jianchun Liu, *Yang Xu, *Hongli Xu, Yunming Liao, Zhiyuan Wang, He Huang, "Enhancing Federated Learning with Intelligent Model Migration in Heterogeneous Edge Computing ", IEEE International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE)，2022. [CCF A] [ 简介] [ PDF]

[ICDE'22] Zhida Jiang, *Yang Xu, *Hongli Xu, Zhiyuan Wang, Chunming Qiao, Yangming Zhao, "FedMP: Federated Learning through Adaptive Model Pruning in Heterogeneous Edge Computing ", IEEE International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE)，2022. [CCF A] [ 简介] [ PDF]

[ICDE'22] Lun Wang, *Yang Xu, *Hongli Xu, Jianchun Liu, Zhiyuan Wang, Liusheng Huang, "Enhancing Federated Learning with In-Cloud Unlabeled Data ", IEEE International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE)，2022. [CCF A] [ 简介] [ PDF]

[ToN'22] Huaqing Tu, *Gongming Zhao, *Hongli Xu, Yangming Zhao, Yutong Zhai, "A Robustness-Aware Real-Time SFC Routing Update Scheme in Multi-Tenant Clouds ", IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (ToN), 2022. [CCF A] [ 简介] [ PDF]

本年度共计发表12篇A类论文，3篇B类论文

[ToN'21] Jingzhou Wang, *Gongming Zhao, *Hongli Xu, Yutong Zhai, Qianyu Zhang, He Huang, Yongqiang Yang, "A Robust Service Mapping Scheme for Multi-Tenant Clouds ", IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (ToN), 2021. [CCF A] [ 简介] [ PDF]

[JSAC'21] Qianpiao Ma, *Yang Xu, *Hongli Xu, Zhida Jiang, Liusheng Huang, He Huang, "FedSA: A Semi-Asynchronous Federated Learning Mechanism in Heterogeneous Edge Computing ", IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications (JSAC), 2021. [CCF A] [ 简介] [ PDF]

[JSAC'21] Hongli Xu, Min Chen, Zeyu Meng, *Yang Xu, Lun Wang, Chunming Qiao, "Decentralized Machine Learning through Experience-Driven Method in Edge Networks ", IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications (JSAC), 2021. [CCF A] [ 简介] [ PDF]

[ComNet'21] Jianchun Liu, *Hongli Xu, *Yang Xu, Zhenguo Ma, Zhiyuan Wang, Chen Qian, He Huang, "Communication-Efficient Asynchronous Federated Learning in Resource-Constrained Edge Computing ", Computer Networks (ComNet), 2021. [CCF B] [ 简介][PDF]

[TMC'21] Jianchun Liu, *Hongli Xu, Lun Wang, *Yang Xu, Chen Qian, Jinyang Huang, He Huang, "Adaptive Asynchronous Federated Learning in Resource-Constrained Edge Computing ", IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing (TMC), 2021. [CCF A] [ 简介] [ PDF]

[ComNet'21] Xuwei Yang, *Hongli Xu, Jianchun Liu, Chen Qian, Xingpeng Fan, He Huang, Haibo Wang, "Achieving High Reliability and Throughput in Software Defined Networks ", Computer Networks (ComNet), 2021. [CCF B] [ 简介] [ PDF]

[ToN'21] Xingpeng Fan, *Hongli Xu, He Huang, Xuwei Yang, "Real-Time Update of Joint SFC and Routing in Software Defined Networks ", IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON), 2021. [CCF A] [ 简介] [ PDF]

[TCOM'21] Xuwei Yang, *Hongli Xu, Xiwen Yu, Chen Qian, *Gongming Zhao, He Huang, "Cooperative Flow Statistics Collection with Per-Switch Cost Constraint in SDNs " IEEE Transactions on Communications (TCOM), 2021. [CCF B] [ 简介] [ PDF]

[TPDS'21] Gongming Zhao, *Hongli Xu, Yangming Zhao, Chunming Qiao, Liusheng Huang, "Offloading Tasks with Dependency and Service Caching in Mobile Edge Computing " IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems (TPDS), 2021. [CCF A] [ 简介] [ PDF]

[ToN’21] Xuwei Yang, *Hongli Xu, Shigang Chen, He Huang, "Indirect Multi-Mapping for Burstiness Management in Software Defined Networks ", IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON), 2021. [CCF A] [ 简介] [ PDF]

[IWQoS’21] Yutong Zhai, *Gongming Zhao, *Hongli Xu, Yangming Zhao, Jiawei Liu and Xingpeng Fan. “Towards Robust Multi-Tenant Clouds Through Multi-Constrained VM Placement.” 29th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Quality of Service (IWQoS), 2021. [CCF B short paper] [PDF]

[IWQoS’21] Huaqing Tu, *Gongming Zhao, *Hongli Xu, Yangming Zhao, Yutong Zhai, "Robustness-Aware Real-Time SFC Routing Update in Multi-Tenant Clouds ", IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Quality of Service（IWQoS), 2021. [CCF B short paper] [PDF]

[TMC’21] Zhenguo Ma, *Yang Xu, *Hongli Xu, Zeyu Meng, Liusheng Huang, Yinxing Xue, "Adaptive Batch Size for Federated Learning in Resource-Constrained Edge Computing ", IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing (TMC), 2021. [CCF A] [ 简介] [ PDF]

[INFOCOM’21] Zeyu Meng, *Hongli Xu, Min Chen, *Yang Xu, Yangming Zhao, Chunming Qiao, "Learning-Driven Decentralized Machine Learning in Resource-Constrained Wireless Edge Computing ", INFOCOM’21, May. 2021. (Acceptance Rate: 252/1266=19.9%) [CCF A] [ 简介] [ PDF]

[INFOCOM’21] Zhiyuan Wang, *Hongli Xu, Jianchun Liu, He Huang, Chunming Qiao, Yangming Zhao, "Resource-Efficient Federated Learning with Hierarchical Aggregation in Edge Computing ", INFOCOM’21, May. 2021. (Acceptance Rate: 252/1266=19.9%) [CCF A] [ 简介] [ PDF]

[INFOCOM’21] Jingzhou Wang, *Gongming Zhao, *Hongli Xu, He Huang, Luyao Luo, Yongqiang Yang, "Robust Service Mapping in Multi-Tenant Clouds ", INFOCOM’21, May. 2021. (Acceptance Rate: 252/1266=19.9%) [CCF A] [ 简介] [ PDF]

[TMC’21] Haibo Wang, *Hongli Xu, He Huang, Min Chen, Shigang Chen, "Robust Task Offloading in Dynamic Edge Computing ", IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing (TMC), 2021. [CCF A] [ 简介] [ PDF]

本年度共计发表8篇A类论文，1篇B类论文

[TMC’20] Min Chen, Haichuan Wang, Zeyu Meng, *Hongli Xu, Yang Xu and He Huang, “Joint Data Collection and Resource Allocation for Distributed Machine Learning at the Edge,” IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 2020. [CCF A] [ 简介] [ PDF]

[INFOCOM’20] Jianchun Liu, *Hongli Xu, Gongming Zhao, Chen Qian, Xingpeng Fan, Liusheng Huang, "Incremental Server Deployment for Scalable NFV-enabled Networks ", INFOCOM’20 , July. 2020. (Acceptance Rate: 268/1354=19.8%) [CCF A] [ 简介] [ PDF]

[INFOCOM’20] Gongming Zhao, *Hongli Xu, Yangming Zhao, Chunming Qiao, Liusheng Huang, "Offloading Dependent Tasks in Mobile Edge Computing with Service Caching ", INFOCOM’20 , July. 2020. (Acceptance Rate: 268/1354=19.8%) [CCF A] [ 简介] [ PDF]

[INFOCOM’20] Gongming Zhao, *Hongli Xu, Jingyuan Fan, Liusheng Huang, Chunming Qiao, "HiFi:Hybrid Rule Placement for Fine-Grained Flow Management in SDNs ", INFOCOM’20 , July. 2020. (Acceptance Rate: 268/1354=19.8%) [CCF A] [ 简介] [ PDF]

[TPDS'20] Haibo Wang, *Hongli Xu, Liusheng Huang, Yutong Zhai, "Fast and Accurate Traffic Measurement with Hierarchical Filtering ", IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems (TPDS), 2020. [CCF A] [ 简介] [ PDF]

[ComNet'20] Haibo Wang, *Hongli Xu, Qian Chen, Juncheng Ge, Jianchun Liu, He Huang, "PrePass: Load balancing with data plane resource constraints using commodity SDN switches ", Computer Networks(ComNet), 2020. [CCF B] [ PDF]

[ToN'20] Yutong Zhai, *Hongli Xu, Haibo Wang, Zeyu Meng, *He Huang, "Joint Routing and Sketch Configuration in Software-Defined Networking " IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (ToN), 2020. [CCF A] [ 简介] [ PDF]

[TPDS'20] Gongming Zhao, *Hongli Xu, Jingyuan Fan, Liusheng Huang, Chunming Qiao, " Achieving Fine-Grained Flow Management Through Hybrid Rule Placement in SDNs " IEEE/ACM Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems (TPDS), 2020. [CCF A] [ 简介] [ PDF]

[ToN'20] Jianchun Liu, *Hongli Xu, Gongming Zhao, Chen Qian, Xingpeng Fan, Xuwei Yang, Huang He, " Incremental Server Deployment for Software-Defined NFV-enabled Networks " IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (ToN), 2020. [CCF A] [ 简介] [ PDF]

[ComNet'19] *Hongli Xu, Jianchun Liu, Chen Qian, He Huang, Chunming Qiao, " Reducing Controller Response Time with Hybrid Routing in Software Defined Networks ", Computer Networks (ComNet) , 2019 (Acceptance Rate: 30/212=14.2%) [CCF B] [ PDF]

[ICNP'19] Gongming Zhao, *Hongli Xu, Jianchun Liu, Chen Qian, Juncheng Ge, Liusheng Huang, "SAFE-ME: Scalable and Flexible Middlebox Policy Enforcement with Software Defined Networking ", ICNP’19, Jun. 2019 [CCF B] [ PDF]

[INFOCOM'19] Hongli Xu, Shigang Chen, Qianpiao Ma, Liusheng Huang, "Lightweight Flow Distribution for Collaborative Traffic Measurement in Software Defined Networks ", INFOCOM’19, Apr. 2019 [CCF A] [ PDF]

[TPDS'19] Haibo Wang, Xiwen Yu, *Hongli Xu, Jingyuan Fan, Chunming Qiao, Liusheng Huang, "Integrating Coflow and Circuit Scheduling for Optical Networks ", IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems (TPDS), 2019. [CCF A] [ PDF]

[ToN'18] Xiwen Yu, *Hongli Xu, Da Yao, Haibo Wang and Liusheng Huang, "CountMax: A Lightweight and Cooperative Sketch Measurement for Software-Defined Networks, " in IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking(ToN), 2018 [CCF A] [ PDF]

[ToN'18] Hongli Xu, He Huang, Shigang Chen, Gongming Zhao and Liusheng Huang, "Achieving High Scalability Through Hybrid Switching in Software-Defined Networking, " in IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking(ToN), 2018 [CCF A] [ PDF]

[ToN'18] Gongming Zhao, *Hongli Xu, Shigang Chen, Liusheng Huang, Pengzhan Wang, "Joint Optimization of Flow Table and Group Table for Default Paths in SDNs ". IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking(ToN), 2018 [CCF A] [ PDF]

[INFOCOM’18] Bing Leng, Liusheng Huang, Chunming Qiao, *Hongli Xu, "A Light-weight Approach to Obtaining NF State Information in SDN+NFV Networks ", INFOCOM’18, Apr. 2018. (Acceptance Rate: 309/1606=19.2%) [CCF A] [ PDF]

[JSAC'18] Xuwei Yang, *Hongli Xu, Liusheng Huang, Gongming Zhao, Peng Xi and Chunming Qiao, "Joint Virtual Switch Deployment and Routing for Load Balancing in SDNs, " in IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications(JSAC),2018 [CCF A] [ PDF]

[ComNet'18] Haibo Wang, *Hongli Xu, Liusheng Huang, Jianxin Wang, Xuwei Yang, "Load-balancing routing in software defined networks with multiple controllers ", Computer Networks,2018 [CCF B] [ PDF]

[ToN'17] Pengzhan Wang, *Hongli Xu, Liusheng Huang, Chen Qian, Shaowei Wang, Yanjing Sun, Minimizing Controller Response Time Through Flow Redirecting in SDNs, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (ToN), 2017 [CCF A] [ PDF]

[ToN'17] Hongli Xu, Zhuolong Yu, Chen Qian, Xiangyang Li, Zichun Liu, Liusheng Huang, Minimizing Flow Statistics Collection Cost Using Wildcard-based Requests in SDNs, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (ToN), 2017 [CCF A] [ PDF]

[IEEE JSAC'17] Pengzhan Wang, *Hongli Xu, Liusheng Huang, Jie He, Zeyu Meng, Control Link Load Balancing and Low Delay Route Deployment for Software Defined Networks, IEEE JSAC Special issue on Emerging Technologies in Software-driven Communication, 2017 [CCF A] [ PDF]

[ICNP'17] Gongming Zhao, *Hongli Xu, Shigang Chen, Liusheng Huang, Pengzhan Wang, Deploying Default Paths by Joint Optimization of Flow/GroupTables in Software Defined Networks, ICNP'17, Nov. 2017 [CCF B] [ PDF]

[USENIX ATC'17] Gongming Zhao, *Hongli Xu, Shigang Chen, Liusheng Huang, Pengzhan Wang, Deploying Default Paths by Joint Optimization of Flow/GroupTables in Software Defined Networks, USENIX ATC '17 Poster; (Acceptance Rate: 30%) [CCF A] [ PDF]

[ToN'17] Hongli Xu, Zhuolong Yu, Xiangyang Li, Chen Qian, Liusheng Huang, Taeho Jung, Joint Route Selection and Update Scheduling for Low-Latency Update in SDNs, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (ToN), 2017 [CCF A] [ PDF]

[IWQoS'17] Hongli Xu, Jingyuan Fan, Jianhuai Wu, Chunming Qiao, Liusheng Huang, Joint Deployment and Routing in Hybrid SDNs, Quality of Service (IWQoS), 2017 IEEE/ACM 24th International Symposium on. IEEE, 2017 [CCF B] [ PDF]

[COMNET'17] Hongli Xu, Xiangyang Li, Liusheng Huang, Yang Du, Zichun Liu, Partial Flow Statistics Collection for Load-Balanced Routing in Software Defined Networks, Computer Networks (COMNET), 2017 [CCF B] [ PDF]

[ToN'17] Hongli Xu, Xiangyang Li, Liusheng Huang, Hou Deng, He Huang, Haibo Wang, Incremental Deployment and Throughput Maximization Routing for a Hybrid SDN, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (ToN), 2017 [CCF A] [ PDF]

[DASFAA'17] Yang Du, Hongli Xu, Yu'e Sun, Liusheng Huang, A General Fine-Grained Truth Discovery Approach for Crowdsourced Data Aggregation, DASFAA'17, March.2017 [CCF B] [ PDF]

[INFOCOM'17] Hongli Xu, He Huang, Shigang Chen, Gongming Zhao, Scalable Software- Defined Networking through Hybrid Switching, INFOCOM'17, Apr. 2017 (Acceptance Rate: 292/1395=20.9%) [CCF A] [ PDF]

[INFOCOM'17] Hongli Xu, Zhuolong Yu, Chen Qian, Xiangyang Li, Zichun Liu, Minimizing Flow Statistics Collection Cost of SDN Using Wildcard Requests, INFOCOM'17, Apr. 2017 (Acceptance Rate: 292/1395=20.9%) [CCF A] [ PDF]

[ICNP'16] Hongli Xu, Zhuolong Yu, Xiangyang Li, Chen Qian, Liusheng Huang, Taeho Jung, Real-time Update with Joint Optimization on Route Selection and Update Scheduling for SDNs, ICNP'16, Nov. 2016. [CCF B] (Best Paper Candidate, Fast Track to ToN) [ PDF]

[IWQoS'16] Hongli Xu, Xiangyang Li, Liusheng Huang, Jianxin Wang, Bing Leng, High-throughput anycast routing and congestion-free reconfiguration for SDNs[C]//Quality of Service (IWQoS), 2016 IEEE/ACM 24th International Symposium on. IEEE, 2016.(Short Paper) [CCF B short paper] [PDF]

[TMC'16] Hongli Xu, Liusheng Huang, Chunming Qiao, Xinglong Wang, Shan Lin, Yu-e Sun, Shared Relay Assignment (SRA) for Many-to-One Traffic in Cooperative Networks, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing (TMC), 15(6), pp. 1499-1513, Jun. 2016 [CCF A] [ PDF]

[Wireless Networks'16] Hongli Xu, Xinglong Wang, Long Chen, Liusheng Huang, Price-Based Resource Allocation for Cooperative Communication, Wireless Networks, Mar. 2016 [ PDF]

[Wireless Networks'16] Hongli Xu, Chunming Qiao, Hou Deng, Liusheng Huang, Shared Relay Assignment in Cooperative Communications for Bandwidth Maximization, Wireless Networks, Jan. 2016 [ PDF]

[Wireless Networks'15] Hongli Xu, Liusheng Huang, Long Chen, Shan Lin, Joint Relay Assignment and Rate-Power Allocation for Multiple Paths in Cooperative Networks, Wireless Networks, Apr. 2015 [PDF]

[TPDS'15] Hongli Xu, Liusheng Huang, Chunming Qiao, Weichao Dai, Yu-e Sun, Joint Virtual MIMO and Data Gathering for Wireless Sensor Networks, IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 2015 [CCF A] [ PDF]