SPIE-Home 

      SPIE is an international society advancing an interdisciplinary approach to the science and application of light.

IEEE-Home

     The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., popularly known as IEEE, is a leading authority in technical areas ranging from computer engineering, biomedical technology and telecommunications, to electric power, aerospace and consumer electronics, among others. It is a global organization consisting of nearly 300 local Sections and 1,150 technical Chapters spread through ten regions of the world.